Current Research Subjects: * Interaction of surface gravity waves with winds and currents near the air-sea interface. Particular phenomena are the effects of intermittent wave breaking; wave-averaged vortex force and material advection; sea-level set up and infra-gravity wave generation; Langmuir circulations; and wave-pumped wind patterns and their role in wave generation. * Parameterization of the effects of waves and turbulence in planetary boundary layers. * Limits to the regime of validity for diagnostic force balance in rotating, stratified flows; anticyclonic, ageostrophic instability; inverse energy cascade in non-rotating turblence; forward energy cascade in geostrophic turbulence (at finite Rossby number). * Vortex deformation and relaxation processes, especially the phenomena of weakening by externally imposed strain and strengthening by vortex Rossby wave evolution, including cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry. * Coastal oceanic circulation, sediment transport, and biogeochemical cycling, especially the behavior of submesoscale fronts, wakes, and vortices. * Intrinsic climate variability induced by the large-scale, low-frequency fluctuations of oceanic wind gyres and thermohaline circulation. * Empirical estimation of the global, time-mean oceanic velocity and sea-level fields and their low-frequency variability. * Parameterization of mesoscale-eddy effects on the oceanic general circulation: eddy-averaged material advection; eddy diapycnal mixing in the top and bottom boundary layers; anisotropic horizontal eddy viscosity; and stochastic excitation and material dispersal. * Dynamo activity in astrophysical plasmas: the limit of infinite Prandtl number (typical of interstellar medium), and the influence of large-scale velocity shear. * Computational algorithms for turbulence and regional oceanic simulation modeling: multi-scale methods, grid-embedding, accurate advection and pressure-gradient force, hybrid vertical coordinate, regional air-sea coupling, and an upper-ocean climate model.