A simplified cloud model adjoint

Adjoint of a parameterized moisture convection model

Robert G. Fovell
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics   (in press)

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Figures (continued)

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Figure 10 - Instantaneous mature phase vertical profiles of ground-relative horizontal wind, taken at a location 20 km upstream of the surface gust front position for an ARPS model simulation and PM model runs made without and with a "convective sponge" term. Also shown is the initial, undisturbed wind profile. The FO-MOD sounding was derived from Fovell and Ogura's (1988; "FO") initial environment, used in the ARPS run. Note that the PM runs did not employ the sounding in Fig. 1. After Fovell and Tan (2000).

Figure 10

Figure 11 - Control (shaded) and adjoint sensitivity (contoured) fields of perturbation potential temperature for: (a) the lower tropospheric aspect at 5500 sec; (b) the middle tropospheric aspect at 5500 sec; and (c) the middle tropospheric aspect at 3500 sec. See Fig. 2c for locations of these aspects.

Figure 11

Figure 12 - Perturbation fields of potential temperature (shaded; K) and horizontal velocity (3 m s-1 contours) for a typical explicit moisture simulation, made using ARPS and the FO sounding. Updraft outline is w = 1.75 m s-1. Color table chosen emphasizes the small cooling residing at and upstream of the leading edge.

Figure 12

Figure 13 - Control (shaded) and adjoint sensitivity (contoured) fields from a no-cloud cloud model (NCCM) simulation made with the FO sounding, showing: (a) perturbation horizontal velocity with initial forecast location superposed; and (b) perturbation potential temperature and sensitivity (0.1 K s m-1 contours).

Figure 13

Figure A-1 (left) - Schematic illustrating the leapfrog scheme in the forward TLM and adjoint models.
Figure A-2 (right) - Schematic illustrating why odd and even time steps in the adjoint integration do not separately yield full solutions for steps between the initial and final times when the leapfrog scheme is employed.

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Page created January, 2004, by Robert Fovell